Corporations and Other Business Organizations: Cases, Materials, Problems

by ; ; ;
Edition: 5th
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-02-01
Publisher(s): Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender
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Summary

This book is designed for a threeor four-hour Corporation Law or Business Associations course. The first two chapters deal with unincorporated business organizations. The remaining chapters focus on corporations.

Table of Contents

Preface v
Summary Table of Contents vii
Introduction. Approaching Corporate Law 1(1)
Putting Business Organizations in Context
1(7)
Business Organizations Generally
1(1)
The Business Landscape
2(1)
The Large Enterprise
2(2)
The Small and Medium Sized Business
4(1)
The Changing Demographics of the Work Force
5(3)
Other Perspectives of Business
8(3)
The Contractual Theory of the Corporation, 11 George Mason University Law Review 99, 100, 123 (Summer 1989)
9(1)
Henry N. Butler
Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-First Century 11-13 (1995 The Brookings Institution)
10(1)
Margaret M. Blair
Development of American Business Corporation Law
11(15)
What a Corporation Is
12(4)
The Development of American Business Corporation Law
16(1)
Nineteenth Century Developments
16(1)
From Special Acts to General Corporation Statutes
16(1)
From Restrictive to Enabling Statutes
17(1)
From Unlimited to Limited Liability
18(1)
Twentieth Century Developments
18(1)
Emergence of Delaware and the Trend Toward Congruence in Other States
19(1)
Perfection of the Enabling Concept
20(1)
State Regulation to Coregulation with the Federal Government
20(1)
Types of American Corporations
21(1)
Public Corporations
21(1)
Government Corporations
21(1)
Nonprofit Corporations
22(1)
Business Corporations
23(3)
Distinguishing Features of Business Law Practice
26(9)
What Does It Take? Hallmarks of the Business Lawyer, 5 Business Law Today 11, 11-14 (July/August 1996)
27(2)
Mark A. Sargent
Prospective Viewpoint
29(1)
Skill as a Drafter
30(1)
Predilection Against Telling a Client ``No''
30(1)
Involvement in Clients' Affairs
31(1)
Main Client Contact
31(1)
Conservatism
31(1)
Collegial Approach
32(1)
Involvement of Securities Law
32(1)
Special Ethical Problem
33(1)
Public Service
33(2)
Sole Proprietorships and Agency Principles
35(42)
Situation
35(2)
Introduction to Forms of Business Entities
37(4)
Sole Proprietorships
41(1)
Agency Law and the Legal Relationships Between Sole Proprietors and Their Employees
42(35)
Formation of an Agency Relationship
42(1)
Gay Jenson Farms Co. v. Cargill, Inc.
43(6)
The Legal Consequences of Appointing an Agent --- The Principal's Liability for the Agent's Acts
49(1)
Apparent Authority, Inherent Agency Power, and Estoppel
49(1)
Fennell v. TLB Kent Co.
50(2)
United States v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters
52(4)
Koval and Koval v. Simon Telelect, Inc.
56(5)
Ratification
61(1)
Connecticut Junior Republic v. Doherty
61(2)
Liability for Contract --- Disclosed and Undisclosed Principals
63(1)
African Bio-Botanica, Inc. v. Sally Leiner, t/a Ecco Bella
64(5)
Liability for Torts
69(2)
Fiduciary Obligations of Agents
71(1)
Tarnowski v. Resop
71(6)
Traditional Business Forms and Their Progeny
77(112)
General Partnerships
77(58)
Introduction
77(3)
Partnership Formation
80(1)
Martin v. Peyton
80(6)
Holmes v. Lerner
86(10)
Financing the Business
96(1)
Business Organization and Finance 83-85 (7th ed. 2000)
97(1)
William A. Klein
John C. Coffee, Jr.
Management of the Enterprise
98(1)
Fiduciary Obligations
99(1)
Meinhard v. Salmon
100(6)
Partners' Liability to Third Parties for Partnership Obligations
106(1)
Law of Corporations 73-75 (3d ed. 1983)
106(2)
Harry G. Henn
John R. Alexander
Kansallis Finance Ltd. v. Fern
108(5)
Partnership Property
113(1)
Partners' Return on Investment
114(1)
Allocation of Profits and Losses
114(3)
Transfer of Partnership Interest to Third Parties or to the Partnership
117(1)
Rapoport v. 55 Perry Co.
118(3)
Dissolution of the Partnership
121(2)
Girard Bank v. Haley
123(3)
Dreifuerst v. Dreifuerst
126(4)
Drashner v. Sorenson
130(5)
Corporations
135(7)
Advantages of the Corporate Form
135(1)
Limited Liability of Shareholders
136(1)
Management Structure
136(2)
Capital Structure
138(1)
Separate Entity Status
138(1)
Usual Form
139(1)
Disadvantages of the Corporate Form
139(1)
Expense and Trouble of Formation and Maintenance
139(1)
Required Initial and Continuing Formality
140(1)
Tax Treatment
140(2)
Synthesis --- Other Forms Business Organizations
142(47)
Statutory Close and Professional Corporations
142(1)
Limited Partnerships
143(4)
Gateway Potato Sales v. G.B. Investment Co.
147(8)
Limited Liability Companies
155(1)
Elf Atochem North America, Inc. v. Jaffari and Malek LLC
156(9)
C & J Builders and Remodelers, LLC v. Geisenheimer
165(4)
Broyhill v. DeLuca
169(17)
Limited Liability Partnerships
186(3)
Incorporation
189(16)
Situation
189(1)
Promoters' Contracts
190(5)
Liabilities of Corporations on Promoters' Contracts
190(1)
McArthur v. Times Printing Co.
191(2)
Rights and Liabilities of Promoters on Promoters' Contracts
193(2)
Where and How to Incorporate
195(10)
Where to Incorporate
195(1)
The Genius of American Corporate Law 6, 8-9, 14 (1993)
196(2)
Roberta Romano
How to Incorporate
198(1)
Organizing Corporate and Other Business Enterprises 6-1 --- 6-3 (5th ed. 1990)
198(3)
Chester Rohrlich
The Purposes and Powers Clauses
201(1)
Preincorporation Agreements
202(1)
1 O'Neal's Close Corporations Ch. 2, pp. 124-26 (3d ed. 1998)
202(3)
F. Hodge O'Neal
Robert B. Thompson
Capitalization
205(52)
Situation
205(1)
Some Capitalization Basics
205(15)
Equity
206(1)
Types of Equity Securities --- Traditional Designations and the Model Act Approach
206(2)
Issuing Equity Securities
208(1)
Par Value
208(1)
Mechanics of Equity Capitalization
209(4)
Toms v. Cooperative Management Corporation
213(3)
Debt
216(1)
Types of Debt
216(2)
Leverage
218(2)
Duly Authorized, Validly Issued, Fully Paid, and Nonassessable Stock
220(7)
Hanewald v. Bryan's Inc.
223(4)
Thin Incorporation and Subordination
227(10)
The Caloric Count of a Thin Incorporation, Proceedings, 17th Annual N.Y.U. Institute on Federal Taxation 771 (1959)
228(3)
Mortimer M. Caplin
Obre v. Alban Tractor Co.
231(2)
Fett Roofing and Sheet Metal Co. v. Moore
233(4)
Preemptive Rights
237(9)
1 O'Neal's Close Corporations Ch. 3, pp 55-57 (3d ed. 1998)
238(3)
F. Hodge O'Neal
Robert B. Thompson
Katzowitz v. Sidler
241(5)
Share Transfer Restrictions and Buyout Provisions
246(11)
Share Transfer Restrictions
246(1)
1 O'Neal's Close Corporations Ch. 7, pp 4-6, 13-15 (3d ed. 1998)
246(3)
F. Hodge O'Neal
Robert B. Thompson
Buyout Agreements
249(1)
Structuring the Agreement
249(1)
1 O'Neal's Close Corporations Ch. 7, pp 52-53, 134 (3d ed. 1998)
249(1)
F. Hodge O'Neal
Robert B. Thompson
Valuation Issues
250(1)
1 O'Neal's Close Corporations Ch. 7, pp. 136-37 (3d ed. 1998)
250(2)
F. Hodge O'Neal
Robert B. Thompson
Denkins v. Zinkan Enterprises
252(5)
Organizing the Corporation
257(36)
Situation
257(1)
Organization Procedures
257(3)
Other Organizational Matters
260(5)
Corporate Minutes: Their Form, Contents, Inspection and Evidentiary Value, 29 The Practical Lawyer, 45, 46-52 (1983)
263(2)
John C. Carter
Bylaws
265(14)
Position of Bylaws in the Hierarchy of Regulation
265(1)
What Bylaws Cover and Bylaw Conflict
266(1)
Roach & The Legal Center v. Bynum
267(5)
Datapoint Corp. v. Plaza Securities Co.
272(4)
Paulek v. Isgar
276(1)
Bylaws as a Contract
277(1)
Jones v. Wallace
277(2)
Defective Incorporation
279(14)
De Facto Corporations Doctrine and Corporations By Estoppel
279(2)
Statutory Developments
281(1)
Robertson v. Levy
282(2)
Timberline Equipment Co. v. Davenport
284(9)
Corporate Authority
293(44)
Situation
293(1)
Functions and Authority of Shareholders
294(17)
Gashwiler v. Willis
295(7)
State ex rel. Pillsbury v. Honeywell, Inc.
302(9)
Functions and Authority of Directors
311(8)
Manson v. Curtis
311(8)
Functions and Authority of Officers
319(18)
President
321(1)
Joseph Greenspon's Sons Iron & Steel Co. v. Pecos Valley Gas Co.
321(9)
Chair of the Board
330(1)
Vice President
331(1)
Anderson v. Campbell
332(1)
Secretary
332(1)
In re Drive In Development Corp.
333(1)
Treasurer
334(1)
Jacobus v. Jamestown Mantel Co.
334(3)
Distributing Corporate Control
337(66)
Situation
337(1)
Cumulative Voting, Classification of Directors, and Class Voting
338(5)
Cumulative Voting
338(2)
Classification of Directors
340(1)
Class Voting and Weighted Voting
340(3)
Charter Provisions
343(1)
Removal of Directors
344(8)
Auer v. Dressel
345(2)
Campbell v. Loew's, Inc.
347(5)
Deadlocks, Oppression, and Dissolution
352(30)
Deadlocks
353(1)
Hall v. Hall
353(2)
Oppression and Dissension
355(1)
Donahue v. Rodd Electrotype Co. of New England, Inc.
356(9)
In re Kemp & Beatley, Inc.
365(6)
Nixon v. Blackwell
371(8)
Statutory and Contractual Provisions
379(1)
Judicial Dissolution of the Corporation
379(1)
Buyout of Shareholder Petitioning for Dissolution
380(1)
Appointment of a Custodian or Provisional Director
381(1)
Contractual Provisions
381(1)
Contractual Arrangements
382(21)
Voting Trusts and Shareholder Voting (or Pooling) Agreements
382(1)
Lehrman v. Cohen
383(5)
Ramos v. Estrada
388(6)
Shareholders' Agreements Allocating Control
394(1)
Galler v. Galler
395(6)
Employment Contracts
401(2)
Piercing the Corporate Veil
403(32)
Situation
403(1)
Introduction
403(1)
Tort-Based Claims and Other Considerations
404(11)
Baatz v. Arrow Bar
404(4)
Walkovszky v. Carlton
408(5)
Factors
413(2)
Empirical Study
415(1)
Tort Claimant
415(1)
Contract-Based Claims and Other Considerations
415(10)
Sea-Land Services, Inc. v. Pepper Source
416(4)
Undercapitalization
420(1)
Corporate Formalities
421(1)
Contract Claimant
422(1)
Intra-Enterprise Liability
423(1)
Equity and Fraud
423(2)
Choice of Law
425(1)
Statutory Claims
425(10)
United States v. Bestfoods
426(7)
CERCLA
433(1)
Other Statutory Claims
433(2)
Dividends
435(26)
Situation
435(1)
Mechanics of Dividends and Distributions
435(15)
Legal Capital 13-14 (3d ed. 1990)
436(1)
Bayless Manning
James J. Hanks, Jr.
Dividends in Cash or Other Property
437(6)
Jr., Legal Capital 91-97, 176-77, 183 (3d ed. 1990)
443(3)
Bayless Manning
James J. Hanks, Jr.
Repurchase of a Corporation's Own Shares
446(1)
Fundamentals of Modern Business 366-68 (1989)
446(2)
Robert W. Hamilton
Stock Dividends and Stock Splits
448(2)
Limitations on Dividends
450(11)
Unrealized Appreciation and Depreciation
450(1)
Randall v. Bailey
451(8)
Judicial Review of Dividend Policy
459(2)
Duty of Care
461(72)
Situation
461(1)
Introduction
462(1)
The General Standard of Care and the Obligation to Monitor
462(12)
Francis v. United Jersey Bank
462(8)
General Standard
470(1)
ALI and the Model Act Approaches
470(1)
Oversight Responsibilities
471(1)
American Bar Association, Corporate Director's Guide-book, 4-6 (2d ed. 1994)
472(1)
Type of Institution
473(1)
Duty to Inquire and to Monitor
474(9)
In re Caremark International Inc. Derivative Litigation
474(8)
ALI Principles
482(1)
Reliance on Others
482(1)
Officers
483(1)
Business Judgment Rule
483(6)
Joy v. North
483(2)
The Classic Rule
485(1)
Applicability anExceptions
486(1)
Perspectives on the Business Judgment Rule
487(2)
Informed Decisionmaking
489(22)
Smith v. Van Gorkom
489(20)
Informed Decisionmaking
509(1)
Aftermath
510(1)
Model Act
510(1)
Corporate Objective and Social Responsiblity
511(8)
Judicial Guidance
512(1)
Shlensky v. Wrigley
512(3)
Corporate Purpose
515(1)
Dodge Case
515(1)
Other Constituencies Statutes
515(2)
ALI Principles
517(2)
Corporate Code
519(1)
Johnson & Johnson's Credo
519(1)
Corporate Governance Reforms
519(5)
The Professional Board, 50 Business Lawyer 1427-28 (August 1995)
520(2)
Ira M. Millstein
Ownership and Control: Rethinking Corporate Governance for the Twenty-First Century, pp. 197-201 (1995)
522(2)
Margaret M. Blair
Legislative Responses to Liability
524(9)
Types of Statutes
524(2)
Scope of Statutes
526(1)
Arnold v. Society for Savings Bancorp, Inc
526(3)
WLR Foods, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.
529(4)
Duty of Loyalty
533(42)
Situation
533(1)
Introduction
533(1)
Common Law Test
534(8)
Lewis v. S.L. & E., Inc.
534(6)
Fairness Standard
540(1)
ALI Principles
540(1)
Scope of the Duty
541(1)
Safe Harbor Statutes
542(11)
Statutory Interpretations
542(1)
Marciano v. Nakash
542(5)
Procedures and the Fairness Test
547(1)
Statutes and Their Interpretation
547(1)
Effect of Safe Harbor Procedures
548(1)
In re Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. Shareholders Litigation
548(3)
Shareholders' Approval
551(1)
Directors' Approval
552(1)
Compensation Agreements
553(2)
Corporate Opportunity Doctrine
555(20)
Broz v. Cellular Information Systems, Inc.
556(8)
Competing Interests
564(1)
Line of Business Test
564(1)
Key Inquiries
564(2)
Northeast Harbor Golf Club, Inc. v. Harris
566(9)
Duty of Controlling Shareholders
575(36)
Situation
575(1)
Operation of Corporations
576(5)
Sinclair Oil Corp. v. Levien
576(5)
Sale of Control
581(8)
Perlman v. Feldmann
581(6)
Current Trend
587(1)
ALI Principles
588(1)
Mergers
589(22)
Weinberger v. UOP, Inc.
589(12)
Kahn v. Tremont Corp
601(10)
Changes in Control: Corporate Combinations and Tender Offer Defenses
611(72)
Situation
611(1)
Introduction
611(1)
Negotiated Changes in Control
612(13)
Corporate Combinations
612(1)
Acquisition Forms
612(1)
Commerce Clearing House, Business Strategies, § 1235 (1995)
613(2)
ALI Principles
615(1)
De Facto Mergers
615(1)
Farris v. Glen Alden Corp
615(5)
Hariton v. Arco Electronics, Inc.
620(1)
Knapp v. North American Rockwell Corp
621(4)
Defending Against Tender Offers
625(58)
Traditional Approach
625(1)
Cheff v. Mathes
625(6)
The Vernacular
631(2)
Defense Mechanisms
633(1)
Enhanced Scrutiny
633(1)
Unocal Corp. v. Mesa Petroleum Co.
634(7)
Reasonable Response Standard
641(1)
Duty of Loyalty
642(1)
Poison Pills
643(1)
Revlon, Inc. v. MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc
643(9)
Refinements of Enhanced Scrutiny
652(1)
Paramount Communications, Inc. v. Time, Inc
652(12)
Paramount Communications, Inc. v. QVC Network, Inc.
664(16)
Applicability of the Unocal Analysis
680(1)
Judicial Deference Under the Unocal Standard
681(2)
Shareholder Derivative Litigation and Other Resolution Processes
683(38)
Situation
683(1)
Introduction
683(2)
The Derivative Action
683(1)
ALI, The Derivative Action, Introductory Note
683(2)
Rule 23.1 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: Derivative Actions by Shareholders
685(1)
Distinguishing Derivative Suits
685(3)
Grimes v. Donald
686(1)
Direct Claims
687(1)
Policy and Other Considerations
687(1)
The Demand Requirement
688(11)
Aronson v. Lewis
688(8)
Scope of Review
696(1)
Applicability of Aronson
697(1)
Universal Demand
698(1)
New York Approach
698(1)
Directors' Authority to Terminate a Suit and Special Litigation Committees
699(16)
Auerbach v. Bennett
699(7)
ALI Approach and Cuker v. Mikalauskas
706(2)
Zapata Corp. v. Maldonado
708(5)
Alford v. Shaw
713(2)
Model Act Approach
715(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution Processes
715(6)
Emerging Trend
715(1)
Settling Disputes: Conflict Resolution in Business, Families, and the Legal System, 55-57, 70, 74-75, 78-80 (2d ed. 1994)
715(5)
Linda R. Singer
Characteristics of ADR Processes
720(1)
Indemnification and Insurance
721(26)
Situation
721(1)
Introduction
721(1)
Indemnification
722(22)
Mandatory Indemnification
723(1)
Waltuch v. Conticommodity Services, Inc
723(4)
Settlements
727(1)
``Wholly'' and ``Otherwise''
728(1)
Permissive Indemnification
728(1)
Heffernan v. Pacific Dunlop GNB Corp
729(5)
Model Act Approach
734(1)
Good Faith
735(2)
Court-Ordered Indemnification
737(1)
Non-Exclusivity Statutes
737(1)
Waltuch v. Conticommodity Services, Inc
737(7)
Insurance
744(3)
Directors and Officers Indemnification and Liability Insurance: An Overview of Legal and Practical Issues, 51 Business Lawyer 573, 598-603, 607-08 (1996)
745(2)
Joseph P. Montelone
Nicholas J. Conca
Impact of Securities Laws on Corporations
747(42)
Situation
747(42)
The Effect of the Securities Laws Upon the Small Business, The Practical Lawyer, September 1, 1982 at 11
748(13)
Robert A. Kessler
Hill York Corp. v. American International Franchises, Inc
761(6)
Lawyers' Responsibilities Under the Securities Laws
767(1)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Spectrum, Ltd
768(5)
Going Public: Practice, Procedure and Consequences, Bowne & Co., Inc. (1996)
773(16)
Carl W. Schneider
Joseph M. Manko
Robert S. Kant
Proxy Regulation
789(40)
Situation
789(1)
General
790(18)
Mills v. Electric Auto-Lite Co
790(5)
TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc
795(3)
Cole v. Schenley Industries, Inc
798(1)
Virginia Bankshares, Inc. v. Sandberg
799(8)
Fradkin v. Ernst
807(1)
Shareholders' Proposals
808(10)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Transamerica Corp
809(4)
Roosevelt v. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co
813(5)
Proxy Contests
818(11)
Union Pacific Railway Co. v. Chicago and North Western Railway Co.
818(6)
Kennecott Copper Corp. v. Curtiss-Wright Corp
824(5)
Tender Offers
829(48)
Situation
829(2)
What is a Tender Offer?
831(4)
Hanson Trust PLC v. SCM Corp
831(4)
Williams Act Issues
835(17)
Piper v. Chris-Craft Industries, Inc
836(8)
Indiana National Corp. v. Rich
844(5)
Schreiber v. Burlington Northern, Inc
849(3)
State Regulation
852(15)
Edgar v. Mite Corp
853(9)
CTS Corp. v. Dynamics Corp. of America
862(5)
Perspectives
867(10)
Is Takeover Defense in Shareholders' Best Interest?, Legal Times of Washington, August 10, 1981 at 42
868(6)
Daniel R. Easterbrook
Frank H. Fischel
Taming the Corporate Takeover, The Wall Street Journal, October 30, 1984 at 30
874(3)
Peter F. Drucker
Insider Trading and Other Securities Fraud
877(94)
Situation
877(1)
Insider Trading and Other Securities Fraud Under State Law
877(9)
Diamond v. Oreamuno
878(4)
Freeman v. Decio
882(4)
Insider Trading and Other Securities Fraud Under Federal Law
886(85)
Remarks of Milton Freeman, 22 Business Lawyer 922 (1967)
888(1)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Texas Gulf Sulphur Co.
889(11)
Causation and Reliance; Materiality
900(1)
Shapiro v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc
900(8)
Fridrich v. Bradford
908(6)
Basic, Inc. v. Levinson
914(9)
``In Connection With'' Requirement
923(1)
Superintendent of Insurance of New York v. Bankers Life & Casualty Co.
923(3)
Brown v. Ivie
926(2)
Standing
928(1)
Blue Chip Stamps v. Manor Drug Stores
928(7)
Fault Required
935(1)
Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder
935(7)
Persons Subject to Trading Constraints
942(1)
Chiarella v. United States
942(6)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Materia
948(4)
United States v. O'Hagan
952(1)
Dirks v. Securities and Exchange Commission
953(1)
Central Bank of Denver, N.A. v. First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A.
954(2)
Issuer's Duty to Disclose
956(1)
Stransky v. Cummins Engine Co
956(4)
Damages and Penalties
960(1)
Elkind v. Liggett & Myers, Inc
960(11)
Short-Swing Trading: Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
971(26)
Situation
971(1)
Profit Realized
972(4)
Smolowe v. Delendo Corp
972(4)
Who is a Director?
976(6)
Blau v. Lehman
976(6)
What is a Sale?
982(5)
Kern County Land Co. v. Occidental Petroleum Corp
982(5)
Timing Issues
987(5)
Reliance Electric Co. v. Emerson Electric Co
987(2)
Foremost-McKesson, Inc. v. Provident Securities Co
989(3)
Standing to Sue
992(5)
Gollust v. Mendell
992(5)
Appendix A: Some Agency Concepts 997(16)
Appendix B: Reading Financial Statements 1013(14)
Appendix C: American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct 1027(34)
Table of Cases and Other Materials 1061(8)
Index 1069

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